How to Reduce the Risk of Miscarriage: Tips for a Healthy Pregnancy
There are few experiences more heartbreaking than the loss of a long-awaited and deeply hoped-for pregnancy. Unfortunately, miscarriage—also known as early pregnancy loss—is far more common than many people realize. The Mayo Clinic estimates that 10-20% of known pregnancies end in miscarriage, most commonly in the first trimester.
While at least half of miscarriages are caused by genetic abnormalities that are out of anyone’s control, there are steps individuals can take to support a healthy pregnancy and reduce the risk of miscarriage where possible.
Many of the tips below are also helpful for anyone trying to conceive or looking to improve their overall fertility. Supporting your body’s reproductive health—through lifestyle, nutrition, and medical care—can improve your chances of conception and a healthy pregnancy outcome.
Here are evidence-based, realistic tips for encouraging a healthy pregnancy:
1. Avoid Smoking and Secondhand Smoke
Smoking is one of the most preventable risk factors for miscarriage. Nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes can affect fetal development and placental function. If you're planning to conceive or are already pregnant, quitting smoking is essential—and so is avoiding secondhand smoke whenever possible.
2. Limit Caffeine and Eliminate Alcohol
Current guidelines suggest that up to 200 milligrams of caffeine per day (about one 12 oz cup of coffee) is safe during pregnancy. However, higher levels may increase the risk of pregnancy loss, so it's best to monitor your intake closely. Alcohol, on the other hand, has no known safe level during pregnancy and should be avoided entirely.
3. Eat a Pregnancy-Safe, Nutrient-Rich Diet
Some foods can pose a risk of foodborne illness, which may complicate pregnancy. Avoid unpasteurized dairy products, undercooked meats, and high-mercury fish. Instead, focus on a balanced diet rich in:
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Fresh fruits and vegetables
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Whole grains
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Lean proteins
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Healthy fats like avocado, olive oil, and nuts
A diet high in antioxidants and folate-rich foods (like spinach, lentils, and citrus fruits) may also support reproductive health.
4. Take Folic Acid Daily
Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects (NTDs), which are major birth defects of a baby’s brain and spine, and may lower the risk of early miscarriage. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends taking at least 600 micrograms of folic acid daily, ideally beginning at least one month before conception.
You can purchase folic acid over the counter at most grocery stores and pharmacies.
5. Stay Hydrated
Proper hydration supports circulation, nutrient delivery, and amniotic fluid levels—all crucial for a healthy pregnancy. Aim for 8–10 cups of water per day, adjusting for activity level and climate.
6. Manage Chronic Health Conditions
If you have diabetes, high blood pressure, thyroid issues, or another chronic condition, work closely with your primary healthcare provider and OB/GYN to keep it well-managed both before and during pregnancy. Chronic conditions that are not well-controlled can increase the risk of miscarriage, premature birth, or other complications.
For example:
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Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to abnormal fetal development or pregnancy loss.
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High blood pressure increases the risk of placental complications, such as preeclampsia or placental abruption.
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Thyroid disorders, including both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, can interfere with hormone regulation critical for sustaining pregnancy.
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Autoimmune disorders like lupus or antiphospholipid syndrome can increase miscarriage risk if not properly managed.
Some medications used to treat chronic illnesses may not be safe during pregnancy and may need to be adjusted in consultation with your healthcare provider. These can include:
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ACE inhibitors (commonly used for blood pressure)
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Certain anti-seizure medications (like valproate)
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Some antidepressants and mood stabilizers
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Methotrexate, used for autoimmune conditions or certain cancers
7. Review All Medications with Your Doctor
Always review your medications with your doctor before trying to conceive or as soon as you find out you're pregnant. Preconception care is one of the best ways to optimize your health and improve the chances of a successful pregnancy. Even common over-the-counter medications, supplements, and herbal remedies can pose risks during pregnancy. Always consult your OB/GYN or fertility specialist before starting or stopping any medication.
8. Get Regular Prenatal Care
Early and consistent prenatal visits allow your provider to monitor fetal development, identify risk factors, and intervene early if needed. Attending appointments and following care recommendations helps build the foundation for a healthy pregnancy.
9. Protect Yourself from Environmental Hazards
Minimize exposure to harmful chemicals (such as pesticides, solvents, or industrial cleaners), extreme temperatures, excessive radiation (like X-rays), and situations that pose a risk of physical trauma. If you're unsure whether something in your environment is safe, ask your provider.
10. Prioritize Mental Health and Rest
High levels of chronic stress have been associated with complications in pregnancy. While stress alone may not cause miscarriage, taking care of your mental health through rest, therapy, mindfulness, and strong social support can promote overall wellness during this critical time.
When to Call a Doctor
If you experience symptoms like heavy bleeding, severe cramping, fever, or significant back pain during early pregnancy, contact your provider immediately. Not all early symptoms mean miscarriage, but it’s important to get checked.
You’re Not Alone
Miscarriage can feel isolating, but it affects millions of families every year. If you have experienced one or more losses, please know that support is available—and that many people go on to have healthy pregnancies afterward.
If you have questions or would like personalized guidance, our compassionate team at Tennessee Fertility Institute is here for you. Contact us to schedule an appointment and take the next step in your fertility journey.